Mangroves in environmental engineering: Harnessing the multifunctional potential of nature's coastal architects for sustainable ecosystem management

Abstract

Mangroves, the distinctive coastal ecosystems of the tropics and sub-tropics, serve as crucial intersections between terrestrial and marine environments. In this review, we delve into the manifold roles of mangroves, showcasing their significance in environmental engineering and sustainable ecosystem practices. Historically undervalued, mangroves have undergone a renaissance in perception, with increasing recognition of their indispensable ecological services, ranging from coastal protection and blue carbon sequestration to fostering biodiversity and supporting sustainable fisheries. As we explore their potential in phytoremediation, bioremediation, urban resilience, and ecosystem-based adaptation, the synergistic relationships between mangroves and their resident microorganisms are highlighted, offering innovative avenues for environmental restoration. Additionally, the review underscores the importance of collaborative partnerships for mangrove conservation, emphasizing the need for a harmonized approach between stakeholders. In an era marked by rapid environmental changes, this review accentuates the multifunctional capability of mangroves as nature's coastal architects, advocating for their conservation and integration into sustainable ecosystem management strategies.