α-MANGOSTIN/CLOVE OIL-INCORPORATED LAURIC ACID-BASED SOLVENT REMOVAL-INDUCED IN SITU FORMING MATRICES

Abstract

Typically, the bacteria in periodontal pocket of periodontitis disease are capable of producing a number of virulence factors, which are directly toxic to host tissues or immune cells, or indirectly damage host tissues via induction of inflammatory cytokines. The eradication of these microbes from periodontal pocket is one of crucial processes of periodontitis treatment. The α-mangostin from Garcinia mangostana Linn has the most potent antibacterial activity with less tendency to acquire resistance; therefore, it is interesting for using as active compound for periodontitis treatment. This study focuses on the development of in situ forming matrices (ISM) involving 50% w/w lauric acid, 5% w/w clove oil and different α-mangostin amount in NMP for periodontal drug delivery. Physicochemical properties of ISM were investigated including pH, density, viscosity, surface tension, in vitro matrix formation, and injectability. Antimicrobial activities of formulated ISM against three standard microbes were evaluated using agar cup diffusion methods. The pH and density of all α-mangostin and clove oil-loaded 50% w/w lauric acid matrices was 4.40 ± 0.04 to 4.78 ± 0.20 and 0.960 ± 0.000 to 0.963 ± 0.001 g/cm3, respectively. The increasing α-mangostin amounts significantly increased the viscosity of prepared formulation and injection force. All formulations had low viscosity that it was easy to injection and spreadable in the periodontal pockets. After contact PBS pH 6.8, they transformed as matrix and the hydrophobic manner of clove oil retarded a solvent exchange. These prepared formulations showed the antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Candida albicans ATCC 17011. Hence, they are the potential systems for periodontal drug delivery.