Mango Seed Byproduct: A Sustainable Source of Bioactive Phytochemicals and Important Functional Properties

Abstract

Mango is a fruit with nutritional properties and also with recognized therapeutic uses. This fruit is widely grown in tropical and subtropical countries as a source of food and income for people. As mango is a seasonal fruit, about 20% of fruits are processed. Mango processing generates approximately 14,000,000 tons of bio-waste per year in the world. The mango seed is one of the main residues and represents between 10 to 25% of the fruit. Currently, this byproduct management generates high costs and are a source of environmental contamination. However, the chemical composition of mango seeds could potentiate their use as a sustainable source of high added value phytochemicals. Bioactive phytochemicals in mango seed 34include phenolic compounds, such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, rhamnetin, methyl gallate, and pentagalloylglucose (PGG). These compounds have a particular interest in their pharmacologic and biological activities. Various scientific research has confirmed critical functional properties in mango seed as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-hemolytic, and anti-diarrheal activities. However, phytochemical profiles and biological activities can change significantly depending on provenance, the varieties of mango used, and the extraction methods used. Scientific research must continue to elucidate the effect of these factors. Additionally, new research should be geared to evaluate activities of models that have not yet been evaluated. The mango seed offers a range of possibilities to develop value-added bioproducts. Therefore, in this chapter, we review the mango seed bioactive phytochemicals, looking in detail at their reported functional and biological activities, potential applications, and the technological aspects.