Abstract
Mangifera indica L. belongs to the family of Anacardiaceae and is an important fruit from South and Southeast Asia. India, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan, Mexico, Brazil, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and the Philippines are among the top mango producer countries. Leaves of the mango plant have been studied for their health benefits, which are attributed to a plethora of phytochemicals such as mangiferin, followed by phenolic acids, benzophenones, and other antioxidants such as flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and tocopherols. The extracts from mango leaves (MLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-obesity, lipid-lowering, hepato-protection, and anti-diarrheal. In the present review, we have elaborated on the nutritional and phytochemical profile of the MLs. Further, various bioactivities of the ML extracts are also critically discussed. Considering the phytochemical profile and beneficial effects of the MLs, they can be used as a potential ingredient for the development of functional foods and pharmaceutical drugs. However, more detailed clinical trials still needed to be conducted for establishing the actual efficacy of the ML extracts.
Highlights
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) ascribed to the family Anacardiaceae has been adjudged as the vital traditionally significant and one of the most economically important tropical fruit crop globally [1]
Leaf extracts with high concentration of homomangiferin and methyl gallate were found more effective against MDA-MB-231 cells, while gallotannins showed cytotoxicity against MCF7 cells at IC50 > 200 μg/ml
mango leaves (MLs) are otherwise considered as a waste material generated mainly through the pruning of mango plants; in reality, they are a most significant resource containing a wide variety of bioactive compounds, crude protein, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins
Summary
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) ascribed to the family Anacardiaceae has been adjudged as the vital traditionally significant and one of the most economically important tropical fruit crop globally [1]. Apart from its economically important portion (fruit), large amounts of crop residues such as leaves, flowers, stem, and bark are generated during pruning, which causes complications of disposal to the farmers. Mango leaves (MLs) are the potential source of minerals, viz. There are several reviews that have been developed to discuss the bioactive compounds and health promoting effect of mango fruit/pulp [4,5,6,7], whereas others contain a scattered compilation of literature on mango seeds, MLs, and mango bark [8,9]. The review delivers important health promoting activities of the MLs extracts
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