Abstract
Mangiferin, a bioactive compound derived primarily from Anacardiaceae and Gentianaceae families and found in mangoes and honeybush tea, has been extensively studied for its therapeutic properties. Mangiferin has shown promising chemotherapeutic and chemopreventative potential. This review focuses on the effect of mangiferin on: (1) inflammation, with respect to NFκB, PPARү and the immune system; (2) cell cycle, the MAPK pathway G2/M checkpoint; (3) proliferation and metastasis, and implications on β-catenin, MMPs, EMT, angiogenesis and tumour volume; (4) apoptosis, with a focus on Bax/Bcl ratios, intrinsic/extrinsic apoptotic pathways and telomerase activity; (5) oxidative stress, through Nrf2/ARE signalling, ROS elimination and catalase activity; and (6) efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, such as oxaliplatin, etoposide and doxorubicin. In addition, the need to enhance the bioavailability and delivery of mangiferin are briefly addressed, as well as the potential for toxicity.
Highlights
Cancer has been identified as the leading cause of
Findings suggest that mangiferin influences the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)
These results show that mangiferin can act as a potent chemotherapeutic agent in mice and further investigation into mangiferin-based products could benefit treatment of cancer in humans
Summary
A member of the Gentianaceae family, contains mangiferin [10,20,21,28,29,30] in its bark (18.33 g/kg dry weight [31]), leaves [15] (old leaves 36.9 g/kg and young leaves 58.12 g/kg dry weight [31]) and root along with the seed, pulp (0 to 2.65 mg/kg dry weight, depending on the variety [32]) and skin of the fruit [7,8,12,20,33,34,35] (4.94 g/kg dry weight [31]). Somewhat lower than levels found in bark and leaves, the mangiferin in the skin [36] and seed/kernel [31], which are usually considered waste products, may provide a promising sustainable option for mangiferin extraction. This reTvhieewanatrit-iccalencseerekpsrtoopceortniessoliodfamteatnhgeimferoisnt rheacvenetbreeesenarecxhteonnsitvheelyansttiu-ndeioedplaosvteicr ptrhoepepratsietsfoewf mdaencgadifeesri.nT, hwisithreavfieowcusarotnicmleosleeeckuslatropacothnwsoalyidsaatnedthuesems oofstmraencgenifterriens,eianrcchonojunntchtieonanwtii-tnhekonpolawstnic chperompoetrhtieersapofeumtiacnaggifeenrtisn,,two iatihdafuforcthuesrornesmeaorlcehcuolnarthpiasthtowpaicy.s and uses of mangiferin, in conjunction with known chemotherapeutic agents, to aid further research on this topic
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