Abstract
Manganese is an essential metal in human that functions in many enzymes. In contrast excessive exposure to Mn results in neurotoxicity. Accumulation of manganese damages central nervous system and causes Parkinson disease like syndrome called manganism. Mn neurotoxicity has been suggested to involve an imbalance in catecholamine neurotransmitters. It hypothesized that Mn can obstruct catecholamine synthesis pathway by inhibition of Tyrosine hydroxylase. Previous studies demonstrated that chronic and acute dose of Mn has different possible effects on catecholamine synthesis. It’s assumed that an acute dose of manganese can kill dopaminergic cells. Therefore, we focused the effect of Mn in catecholamine concentration on the rat’s brain by MnCl2 injection intraperitoneally and analyzed their brains after the time interval. This study used different acute doses in short time courses and different chronic doses at different exposing times to investigate which of them (exposing dose or time) is more important in Mn toxic effect. Measurement of catecholamine concentration performed by fluorescence assay in acidic and oxidant environment.
Highlights
Manganese makes up about 0.10% of the earth’s crust and is the 12th most abundant element, but in the cell it is the second most abundant element [1,2]
Manganese is an essential trace element and normally occurs at low concentrations. It involved as an activator or cofactor with a number of diverse enzymes involved with energy metabolism, digestion, and lipid and protein metabolism
This study focuses on the effect of intranasal manganese administration on brain catecholamines in two acute and chronic doses and different time courses in rats
Summary
Manganese makes up about 0.10% of the earth’s crust and is the 12th most abundant element, but in the cell it is the second most abundant element [1,2]. Manganese is an essential trace element and normally occurs at low concentrations. It involved as an activator or cofactor with a number of diverse enzymes involved with energy metabolism, digestion, and lipid and protein metabolism. In the living system manganese does not undergo metabolism; it is absorbed and excreted unchanged [3]. Manganese affects the tightly controlled balance of neurotransmitters production, metabolism and release, so manganese hemostasis is essential for brain functions [4,5]. Manganese is used in the production of dyes, fertilizers, fungicides, paints, lacquers, glazes, dry batteries, fireworks and rubber and wood preservatives. Manganese is transported to organs rich in mitochondria (in particular the liver, pancreas, and pituitary) where it is rapidly concentrated [8]
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