Abstract
Manganese speciation in selected agricultural soils of Peninsular Malaysia is discussed in this study. Manganese concentration in the Easily Leacheable and Ion Exchangeable (ELFE), Acid Reducible (AR), Organic Oxidizable (OO) and Resistant (RR) fractions of soils developed on weathered rocks, soils of mixed nature, alluvium and peat deposits are descri bed. The total manganese concentration in soils developed on weathered rocks was found to be higher than that in soils of mixed nature, alluvium and p eat deposits because of the occurrence of resistant man ganese oxide at the topsoils. Manganese speciation in paddy soils is influenced by the redox condition re sulting from the alternate flooding and drying of t he soils. Under reducing conditions, this metal tends to get dissolved and be available for plant uptake. Upon oxidation, manganese is precipitated into the acid reducible fraction as poorly crystalline manganese oxide and hydroxide and/or the resistant Fe-Mn mottles. I n non-paddy cultivated alluvial soils, manganese speciation varies widely and is less understood. Fo r the non-paddy cultivated peat soils, manganese is mainly associated with organic material, as indicat ed by the high manganese concentration in the OO fraction.
Highlights
Manganese is a metal commonly found in soils and and reactivity of organic matter (Marchand et al, is likely to occur as oxides and hydroxides in the form 2006)
Manganese concentration in the Leacheable and Ion Exchangeable (ELFE), Acid Reducible (AR), Organic Oxidizable (OO) and Resistant (RR) fractions of soils developed on weathered rocks, soils of mixed nature, alluvium and peat deposits are described
Manganese concentration in alluvium deposited at the inland valleys (Bangi, Besut) was higher than that of the alluvium deposited in areas further from the source rocks (Marang, Tumpat, Sitiawan)
Summary
Manganese is a metal commonly found in soils and and reactivity of organic matter (Marchand et al, is likely to occur as oxides and hydroxides in the form 2006). Heavy metal speciation has been successfully used as an indicator for heavy metal association in soil fractions (Iskandar and Kirkham, 2001), including the resistant and bioavailability forms, the acid reducible material and metal association with organic matter. In Peninsular Malaysia, heavy metal speciation studies have been carried out in selected agricultural soils (Habibah et al, 2011; Khairiah et al, 2006; Khairiah et al, 2009a; 2009b; 2009c; 2012). Manganese speciation in selected agricultural soils developed on weathered rocks, soils of mixed nature at hill slopes and on alluvial and peat deposits are compared
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