Abstract
Safe drinking water is directly linked to good human health. An excessive amount of manganese (Mn) in drinking water supplies causes people show symptoms of neurotoxicity. In this study, the level of Mn in potable water sourced from tube wells located in 9 (nine) districts of Bangladesh was monitored. In total, 170 (one hundred and seventy) water samples were collected and Mn was quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The levels of Mn found in the tube well water samples of Sirajganj, Meherpur, Chuadanga, Jhenaidah, Magura, Faridpur, Jashore, Satkhira, and Khulna were 0.37-1.86, 0.10-4.11, 0.30-0.76, 0.26-0.94, 0.01-0.18, 0.21-1.78, 0.08-1.23, 0.05-0.27, and 0.01-2.11 mg/L, respectively. Results revealed that Mn level was beyond the highest contaminated levels of 0.1 mg/L and 0.4 mg/L, which are recommended by Bangladesh Drinking Standard (BDS) and World Health Organization (WHO), respectively. The maximum Mn contaminated level reached up to 4.11 mg/L (mean, 0.53 mg/L). The Mn level in tube well water exceeded 51.1% and 75.9% set by the recommended value of WHO and BDS, respectively. Furthermore, the calculated hazard quotient (HQ) value for Mn was observed to be greater than unity, indicating both children and adults risked potential non-carcinogenic health issues. The water supply authorities should take steps to provide Mn-free drinking water for communities.
Highlights
Drinking water is essential for people to maintain good health
Despite the dangers posed by As-contamination, groundwater is the main source of drinking water in this investigated area
The worst groundwater and Tube well (TW) in Sirajganj district have been consistently reported over a long period of time, due to it being a severe flood-affected area and the many industries do not dispose of their waste in a planned way (Ali et al 2019; Akter et al 2010)
Summary
Drinking water is essential for people to maintain good health. A trace level of essential minerals is necessary for proper bodily functioning. Too little or too much in the way of mineral levels will badly affect human health. In Bangladesh, groundwater is the main source of drinking water. Impurities of trace elements in potable water are one of the major health concerns for children because they might pose toxic metals. In Bangladesh the permissible level of arsenic (As) in potable is 0.05 mg/L (ECR, 1997). It has been reported that As levels in potable water are above the standard level (Rahman and Hashem, 2019; Rahman et al 2015, Chakraborti et al 2010). The quantification of trace elements in potable water is necessary
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