Abstract
Vitamin C is an important water-soluble vitamin that is needed by every living thing. Domestic animals, including ruminants, were capable of synthesizing ascorbic acid, primarily in the liver, therefore, vitamin C is not considered to be an essential nutrient for healthy ruminants. Nevertheless, in ruminants, vitamin C is important in biochemical reactions involving collagen cross-linking, hydroxylation of proline and lysine, and steroid and bile acid synthesis. However, in fact, Dietary vitamin C is extensively degraded in the rumen. Although ruminants are able to synthesize vitamin C, when ruminants experience stress and suffer from various diseases, vitamin C supplementation from outside is still needed to restore their health condition. Therefore, vitamin C supplements still have great benefits for optimizing their health conditions. This review discusses the effects of vitamin C and its supplementation on the health of ruminants.
Highlights
Vitamin C adalah vitamin larut air yang penting dan dibutuhkan oleh setiap makhluk hidup
an important water-soluble vitamin that is needed by every living thing
including ruminants were capable of synthesizing ascorbic acid
Summary
Vitamin C banyak berasal dari sumber alami seperti buah-buahan segar dan sayuran (Haytowitz, 1995; Nkafamiya et al, 2010). Menurut Olivares et al (1997), vitamin C mampu meningkatkan penyerapan zat besi non-heme dari pakan dan berperan dalam menurunkan konsentrasi zat besi pada kondisi pH asam di lambung. Penelitian tentang manfaat vitamin C pada ruminansia telah banyak dilakukan terutama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pada saat sintesis endogen tidak tercukupi akibat dari berbagai macam kondisi seperti penyakit (Grosso et al, 2013), stress transportasi (Ayo et al, 2006), stress panas (Sivakumar et al, 2010) dan produksi tinggi pada sapi perah (Rejeb and Najar, 2018). Salah satu peran vitamin C dalam sistem pertahanan tubuh adalah melindungi netrofil dari stress oksidatif yang dipicu oleh radikal bebas (Wolf, 1993). Vitamin C memiliki berbagai macam peran fisiologis yang berperan penting dalam pertahanan tubuh serta dalam batas tertentu mampu memberikan perlindungan dari proses kerusakan oksidatif pada level seluler maupun subseluler. Saat ini vitamin C telah tersedia secara komersial dalam bentuk kristal murni, bentuk salut (coated), meskipun demikian, bentuk L-ascorbyl-monophosphate merupakan bentuk komersial yang paling stabil digunakan dalam industri pakan ternak (de Rodas et al, 1998; Macleod, et al, 1999; Hidiroglou, 1999)
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