Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness, selectivity and effect on yield components of RR® maize as a function of herbicide application, applied alone or in a tank mix. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with four replications, and treatments were control without weeding, control with weeding, glyphosate, glyphosate + [atrazine+simazine], glyphosate + [atrazine + simazine], glyphosate + tembotrione, glyphosate+mesotrione, T8-glyphosate + nicosulfuron, glyphosate + 2,4-D, glyphosate + [atrazine + S-metolachlor], T11-glyphosate + (atrazine + S-metolachlor), glyphosate + S-metolachlor, glufosinate ammonium, [nicosulfuron + mesotrione], glyphosate + [nicosulfuron + mesotrione] and glyphosate + [nicosulfuron+mesotrione] + [atrazine + simazine]. Herbicide phytotoxicity to a SYN Supremo VIP3 maize hybrid and control of Urochloa plantaginea and Digitaria ciliaris were evaluated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment application. Prior to crop harvest, we determined weed control and, in ten plants per experimental unit, the variables related to grain yield components such as ear insertion height, ear length, number of rows and grains per rows on the ears of corn. During harvest, the mass of one thousand grains and yield were evaluated. It was observed that all herbicide treatments caused low phytotoxicity in maize, except for the post-emergence tank mix composed of glyphosate + 2,4-D and glyphosate + mesotrione, that showed the highest injuries in the four evaluated periods. Most of the herbicides showed good control of D. ciliaris and U. plantaginea, except for the pre-harvest mixture of glyphosate + 2,4-D. The post-emergence glyphosate + [atrazine + simazine] tank mix demonstrated the highest grain yield. It can be concluded, therefore, that depending on the association of herbicides, synergistic effect occurs for both weed control and crop phytotoxicity, being productivity being the main influenced variable.
Highlights
Mesotrione] and glyphosate + [nicosulfuron+mesotrione] + [atrazine + simazine]
We determined weed control and, in ten plants per experimental unit, the variables related to grain yield components such as ear insertion height, ear length, number of rows and grains per rows on the ears of corn
It was observed that all herbicide treatments caused low phytotoxicity in maize, except for the post-emergence tank mix composed of glyphosate + 2,4
Summary
O experimento foi conduzido em campo, na área experimental da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Erechim, RS, de novembro de 2015 a abril de 2016. A semeadura do milho foi efetuada em sistema de plantio direto instalado há cinco anos no local; 30 dias antes dessa operação, efetuou-se a dessecação da vegetação, composta de aveia-preta e nabo, com os herbicidas glyphosate + 2,4-D na dose de 1.440 + 1.209 g ha-1 de i.a., respectivamente. Os tratamentos herbicidas avaliados foram: glyphosate, [atrazine + simazine], tembotrione, mesotrione, nicosulfuron, 2,4-D, [atrazine + S-metolachlor], S-metolachlor, glufosinate ammonium, [nicosulfuron + mesotrione], os quais estão descritos na Tabela 1, juntamente com as doses e modalidades de aplicação. Tratamentos utilizados no experimento, respectivas doses e época de aplicação para controle de plantas daninhas no híbrido de milho SYN Supremo Vip.
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