Abstract
Reconstruction can be very problematic in the case of mandibular alveolar bone loss, which can also hinder the implant restorative treatment. The aim of the study was to present current views on reconstructing the alveolar part of mandibular bone, which allows the insertion of implants and then the placement of denture. Based on the available literature, the efficacy of various techniques of filling of mandibular bone losses was described and compared. Reconstruction with autogenous bone block graft had been used as a gold standard. Recently, other techniques have appeared that offer better functional and esthetics results. They include reconstruction with allogeneic bone block graft, osteotomy allowing immediate insertion of implants, bone distraction, guided bone regeneration using titanium mesh (Ti-mesh), new techniques using scaffolds (biphasic calcium phosphate, poly-lactide-co-glycolide/tricalcium phosphate, bioresorbable polycaprolactone), Sonic Weld Technique® (Tuttlingen, Germany) using resorbable membrane and pins with polymer lactide acid (PLA), and the tent technique. These abovementioned techniques allow solving the problem of insufficient amount of bone for prosthetic treatment.
Highlights
Mandibular ridge atrophy often results in difficulties and compromises in prosthodontic treatment
Reconstruction can be very problematic in the case of mandibular alveolar bone loss, which can hinder the implant restorative treatment
The aim of the study was to present current views on reconstructing the alveolar part of mandibular bone, which allows the insertion of implants and the placement of denture
Summary
Mandibular ridge atrophy often results in difficulties and compromises in prosthodontic treatment. The lack of restoration causes eating and speaking difficulties, and adversely affects the appearance and mood of the patient.[1] The use of dental implants as prosthetic pillars for fixed dentures could be the solution to this problem It is one of the most common, predictable, fully functional and esthetic methods to replace missing teeth.[2,3] A sufficient amount of bone is necessary to ensure the long-term success of dental implants. Shallow vestibule and small amount of the keratinized gingiva significantly reduces effective application of dental restorations Another consequence of using short implants with a small vertical dimension of mandibular ridge is the increased distance between the implant and the occlusal plane that induces unfavorable biomechanical forces. Increasing the vertical and horizontal dimension of alveolar ridge enables us to achieve optimal conditions for teeth reconstruction, including function and esthetics.[1]
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