Mandibular ramus and gonial angle—Identification tool in age estimation and sex determination: A digital panoramic radiographic study in north indian population

Abstract

Background: Identification of the skeletal remains is of paramount importance in forensic dentistry and medico-legal investigations. Mandible may play a vital role in sex determination, as it is the most dimorphic bone of skull, which is often recovered intact. Mandibular ramus and gonial angle can be used to differentiate between sexes and age estimation. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of digital panoramic radiographs to determine sex and age using linear measurements made with respect to gonial angle and ramus region in the population of north Indians. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 patients (North Indians: Males and females in equal number) were further divided into age groups 10-40 years. The linear measurements were made in ramus and gonial angle region, which were calculated by using Adobe Acrobat Reader, and findings were statistically analyzed. Results: Males showed a higher average value in terms of ramus breadth, condylar and coronoid ramus height than females. In addition, a significant positive correlation was seen between age and ramus linear measurements. Males have higher gonial angle than females and with increase in age, gonial angle decreases. In relation to gonial angle, females showed a higher gonial angle. “In addition, as age increases, decrease in gonial angle was found.”. Conclusion: In selected north Indian populace, mandibular ramus showed higher sexual dimorphism in relation with age and sex estimation. However, gonial angle can only be used as an additional tool to establish the identity of a person.