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Abstract
Asia accounts for 60% of the world population and half the global burden of cancer. The incidence of cancer cases is estimated to increase from 6.1 million in 2008 to 10.6 million in 2030, due to ageing and growing populations, lifestyle and socioeconomic changes. Striking variations in ethnicity, sociocultural practices, human development index, habits and dietary patterns are reflected in the burden and pattern of cancer in different regions. The existing and emerging cancer patterns and burden in different regions of Asia call for political recognition of cancer as an important public health problem and for balanced investments in public and professional awareness. Prevention as well as early detection of cancers leads to both better health outcomes and considerable savings in treatment costs. Cancer health services are still evolving, and require substantial investment to ensure equitable access to cancer care for all sections of the population. In this review, we discuss the changing burden of cancer in Asia, along with appropriate management strategies. Strategies should promote healthy ageing via healthy lifestyles, tobacco and alcohol control measures, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, cancer screening services, and vertical investments in strengthening cancer healthcare infrastructure to improve equitable access to services.
Highlights
Asia is the most diverse and populous continent; 4.3 billion of the world’s 7.1 billion people live there, and the population will increase by 1 billion by 2050 [1]
Rural areas have inadequate services in large countries such as China. Some countries such as Thailand, Malaysia and Turkey have much better facilities and systems developed with universal health coverage providing seamless access for prevention, early detection and satisfactory clinical management of common cancers and improved survival outcomes
Thailand investing 4.1% of gross domestic product (GDP) in healthcare has achieved Universal Health Coverage (UHC) since 2002, representing a source of inspiration for other low- and middle-income Asian countries (LMICs) in Asia
Summary
Asia is the most diverse and populous continent; 4.3 billion of the world’s 7.1 billion people live there, and the population will increase by 1 billion by 2050 [1]. Rural areas have inadequate services in large countries such as China Some countries such as Thailand, Malaysia and Turkey have much better facilities and systems developed with universal health coverage providing seamless access for prevention, early detection and satisfactory clinical management of common cancers and improved survival outcomes. Thailand investing 4.1% of GDP in healthcare (which is less than half of the OECD average of 9.9%) has achieved Universal Health Coverage (UHC) since 2002 (formerly known as the 30 Baht scheme to have preventive care and to treat all diseases including cancer in which the participant pays US$1 to enter healthcare services for a health problem), representing a source of inspiration for other LMICs in Asia Countries such as Bangladesh, India, Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam are working towards developing UHC
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