Abstract
Management of native forests offers opportunities to store more carbon in the land sector through two main activities. Emissions to the atmosphere can be avoided by ceasing logging. Removals of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere can be increased by allowing forests to continue growing. However, the relative benefits for carbon storage of managing native forests for wood production versus protection are contested. Additionally, the potential for carbon storage is impacted upon by disturbance events, such as wildfire, that alter the amount and longevity of carbon stocks.Using a case study of montane ash forests in southeastern Australia, we demonstrated that the total biomass carbon stock in logged forest was 55% of the stock in old growth forest. Total biomass included above‐ and belowground, living and dead. Biomass carbon stock was calculated spatially as an average across the landscape, accounting for variation in environmental conditions and forest age distribution. Reduction in carbon stock in logged forest was due to 66% of the initial biomass being made into products with short lifetimes (<3 years), and to the lower average age of logged forest (<50 years compared with >100 years in old growth forest). Only 4% of the initial carbon stock in the native forest was converted to sawn timber products with lifetimes of 30–90 years.Carbon stocks are depleted in a harvested forest system compared with an old growth forest, even when storage in wood products and landfill are included. We estimated that continued logging under current plans represented a loss of 5.56 Tg C over 5 years in the area logged (824 km2), compared with a potential gain of 5.18–6.05 TgC over 5 years by allowing continued growth across the montane ash forest region (2326 km2). Avoiding emissions by not logging native forests and allowing them to continue growing is therefore an important form of carbon sequestration. The mitigation value of forest management options of protection versus logging should be assessed in terms of the amount, longevity and resilience of the carbon stored in the forest, rather than the annual rate of carbon uptake.
Highlights
With the current imperative to address the problem of climate change, it is widely recognized that maintaining and increasing stocks of carbon in forests is an important component of a comprehensive approach to mitigation (Nabuurs et al 2007, Mackey et al 2013)
Using a case study of montane ash forests in southeastern Australia, we demonstrated that the total biomass carbon stock in logged forest was 55% of the stock in old growth forest
A result of this variability was that the sizes of all trees on the regrowth sites did not exactly correspond to that expected if all trees had regenerated since the disturbance events
Summary
Protecting native forests avoids emissions due to logging and sequesters carbon through regrowth. Evaluating the potential for carbon storage in different forest management systems must incorporate the impacts of emissions from natural disturbances such as wildfire, which occur in both protected and logged forests, as well as emissions from anthropogenic disturbances by logging. Such an evaluation identifies whether there are differences between these disturbance processes that should be included in carbon accounting systems. The processes involving stocks and fluxes of carbon must be estimated at appropriate temporal and spatial scales
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