Abstract
Most vaccinations are administered with a needle, which can cause pain and pain-related symptoms such as fear and fainting. At present, interventions aimed at preventing pain and associated symptoms are not systematically integrated in the vaccination delivery process even though they contribute to negative experiences with vaccination and vaccination noncompliance. In this article, a novel framework for vaccination delivery called the CARD™ system was reviewed. CARD is an acronym for Comfort, Ask, Relax and Distract, whereby each letter category incorporates evidence-based interventions to reduce pain and fear and related symptoms. CARD can be integrated in usual vaccination planning and delivery activities in many settings to improve the vaccination experience and decrease pain and fear as barriers to vaccination. Immunizers in all settings and organizational leaders are invited to review their vaccination services against CARD to identify opportunities for enhancing the quality of care being provided.
Highlights
AffiliationsVaccine injections are frequently associated with pain and pain-related adverse effects, such as fear, fainting, nausea and other stress-related responses [1,2]
Accumulating evidence shows that negative experiences with vaccination can contribute to the development of needle fears, vaccine hesitancy and healthcare avoidance behaviours, including vaccination noncompliance [3,4]
CARD teaches patients how to cope with their own vaccination experience [11]
Summary
AffiliationsVaccine injections are frequently associated with pain and pain-related adverse effects, such as fear, fainting, nausea and other stress-related responses [1,2]. Managing pain and fear: Playing your CARDs to improve the vaccination experience. These challenges include suboptimal physical spaces, lack of preparation and communication of important stakeholders, unclear roles, competing demands and excessive patient symptoms (fear, pain, dizziness), in children [9,10,11]. CARD teaches patients how to cope with their own vaccination experience [11].
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