Abstract
Protection of natural water resources like lakes from the onslaught of hazardous municipal wastewater is often a challenge particularly in the cold regions. For treatment of enormous quantity of municipal wastewater, biological treatment is normally adopted but high COD (Chemical Oxygen demand) of such wastewater turns biological treatment slow and difficult. At low temperature environment, effective treatment of such municipal wastewater becomes extremely difficult due to weakened microbial activities. The present study was carried out with a hybrid approach comprising chemical treatment and membrane separation under psychrophilic conditions. Well–known Fenton’s treatment was adopted under response surface optimized conditions that helped recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients as value–added struvite fertilizer or magnesium ammonium phosphate (NH4MgPO4∙6H2O). The optimal COD removal was found to be 96% at a low temperature of 15oC and pH of 6.3 using Fe2+/H2O2 ratio of 0.10 and of H2O2 1.9 g/l with reaction time of 2 h. Down–stream purification of the struvite-free water by microfiltration and nanofiltration largely fouling–free flat sheet cross flow membrane modules ultimately turned the treated water reusable through reduction of dissolved solids, conductivity and salinity.
Highlights
Natural water bodies have been subjected to severe environmental degradation mainly due to urbanization, discharge of dirty sewage water, industrial wastewater and agricultural run–off
Improper treatment of such municipal wastewater can often be traced to difficulty of treating complex wastewater in conventional methods at low temperatures
Conventional biological treatment is quite slow at low temperature due to impeded microbial activities and dramatic increase volume of wastewater with ever increasing population and urbanization aggravates the problem further
Summary
Natural water bodies have been subjected to severe environmental degradation mainly due to urbanization, discharge of dirty sewage water, industrial wastewater and agricultural run–off. Treated municipal wastewater with high load of nitrogen and phosphorous often leads to eutrophication of natural water bodies. Improper treatment of such municipal wastewater can often be traced to difficulty of treating complex wastewater in conventional methods at low temperatures. Biological treatment of enormous quantity of municipal wastewater is often a standard choice being cheap. Conventional biological treatment is quite slow at low temperature due to impeded microbial activities and dramatic increase volume of wastewater with ever increasing population and urbanization aggravates the problem further
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
