Abstract
Industrial parks are flourishing globally and are mostly equipped with a shareable energy infrastructure, which has a long service lifetime and thus locks in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We conducted a two-phase study to decarbonize Chinese industrial parks by targeting energy infrastructure. Firstly, a high-resolution geodatabase of energy infrastructure in 1604 industrial parks was established. These energy infrastructures largely featured heavy coal dependence, small capacities, cogeneration of heat and power, and were young in age. Cumulative GHG emissions, during their remaining lifetime, will reach 46.2 Gt CO2 equivalent(eq.); comparable to the 11% of the 1.5 °C global carbon budget. Secondly, a vintage stock model was developed by tailoring countermeasures for each unit and implementing a cost-benefit analysis and life cycle assessment. Total GHG mitigation potential was quantified as 8%~16% relative to the baseline scenario with positive economic benefits. The synergistic reductions in freshwater consumption, SO2 emissions, and NOx emissions will stand at rates of 34~39%, 24%~31% and 10%~14%, respectively.
Highlights
Industrial parks are flourishing globally and are mostly equipped with a shareable energy infrastructure, which has a long service lifetime and locks in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
We identified that 87% of the stocks in terms of capacity were coal-fired units, indicating that the parks are more coal-dependent than the national average level (61% of the national installed electricity capacity was coal-fired in 201435)
By examining the features of the in-use energy infrastructure stocks, bestpractice measures for GHG mitigation in the parks[31], and national energy strategies[48,49,50], we proposed five key GHG mitigation measures by considering the feasibility and applicability for most parks: M1, retrofitting coal-fired boilers to natural gas (NG)-fired boilers; M2, replacing coal-fired boilers with municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators; M3, retrofitting extraction-condensing or purecondensing turbines to back-pressure turbines; M4, replacing small-capacity coal-fired units with large-capacity coal-fired units; and M5, replacing small-capacity coal-fired units with largecapacity natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) units
Summary
Industrial parks are flourishing globally and are mostly equipped with a shareable energy infrastructure, which has a long service lifetime and locks in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We accounted the energyrelated GHG emissions from 213 Chinese national-level industrial parks, and uncovered GHG mitigation potentials by improving energy consumption at the park level[24]. Another study developed an assessment model to quantify GHG mitigation potentials and cost-benefits by targeting energy infrastructure in 106 Chinese eco-industrial parks[25]. Shareable energy infrastructure is universally used in industrial parks and generally has a long service lifetime[27,28,29]; the GHG emissions from industrial parks are locked in. There is still a lack of bottom-up databases regarding Chinese industrial parks to support such study
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