Abstract
Over the last 40 years sweeping social, political, and economic changes have taken place in the People's Republic of China. Although China has the world's oldest continuous civilization, until 1949 it was still a feudal society, isolated from the outside world and characterized by poverty, illiteracy, and premature mortality. The Communist government, in an attempt to eradicate these conditions through modernization, instituted a variety of policies during the 1950s and 1960s aimed at land reform (collectivization) and the abolition of private ownership and of class and gender inequities. To further the latter aim, the All-China Women's Federation an umbrella organization operating at the national, provincial, and local levels was founded in 1949. It was given the mandate of overseeing those policies targeted specifically at improving the condition of women. These were intended to break down Confucian traditions of
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