Abstract
In each organization an important aspect is to maintain balance in terms of resources, processes and systems. Lack of relationship between the various components of the company affects the reduction of efficiency in organization, which in turn affects the effectiveness of action. However, it is also important to maintain effectiveness in the implementation of tasks at the strategic or operational level, and this is particularly influenced by the leader of the organization or team respectively. In the case of family businesses decision- making can be reduced to the leader, who makes decisions independently, without obtaining data or information from the environment. Such actions carry a high level of randomness, which in consequence affects the lowering of economic profitability of the company.
 In the publication, theoretical and empirical considerations were carried out, which served the authors of the publication, to a limited extent, in juxtaposing the paradigm of the family business functioning in the theory of the subject with the results of the primary study, which was carried out using two qualitative methods, interview and observation. For this purpose, the measurement tool, the interview questionnaire, was developed and the planes of cognitive analysis that was conducted in the studied business entities were identified. The study was conducted on 30 family businesses operating through Poland, the only criterion for qualification for the study was the fact that this was the opinion of the business owners, which is in accordance with the theory of family business proposed by Frishkoff according to which a family business is an enterprise in which the owner admits that it is a family business, i.e. in this case the most important thing is the awareness of being one of the occurring types of family business.
Highlights
Companies in Poland are a phenomenon which is common, still invisible in literature or statistics in the macroeconomic perspective
The literature often emphasizes the low level of managerial competences, especially in small and medium family businesses, concerning both the business knowledge of managers and their ability to manage companies (Sułkowski, Marjański (2017), p. 199)
Observation was carried out according to the established key and concerned one of the spheres of competence, which is behavior
Summary
Companies in Poland are a phenomenon which is common, still invisible in literature or statistics in the macroeconomic perspective. The first mentions of family companies appeared in the United States and were connected with industrial transformations in the period 1870-1890. Due to the nature or size, there appeared different interpretations of family businesses. Due to the horizontal perception of the family business, there is no single universal definition (Graves (2006), pp. It still requires researchers of the entities, unambiguous determine research criteria that may disqualify companies that can be classified as family businesses according to other criteria
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