Management zone delineation and spatial distribution of micronutrients in cold-arid region of India.

Abstract

The plant health is governed by many factors: soil playing a central role which exhibits huge variability in its characteristics. Micronutrients even though needed in small quantities by plants play an indispensable role in affecting the crop growth and development. The assessment of spatial variability of different soil parameters is incumbent for tackling the loss of crop productivity on account of non-receipt of desirable inputs. The present investigation centered on the spatial distribution of soil parameters and micronutrients was conducted to delineate management zones (MZs) in cold arid region (Kargil) of India for proficient micronutrient management. Overall 454 georeferenced representative soil samples at the depths of 0-15 cm were garnered. The soil samples were processed and analyzed for different soil parameters encompassing pH, EC (electrical conductivity), SOC (soil organic carbon), and available micro-nutrient (iron, manganese, zinc, copper and nickel) concentrations. The distinct variation in the soil properties including micronutrients was identified with coefficient of variation ranging as low as 5.62% to moderate (21.16 to 42.49%) and as high as 159.63%. Semivariogram analysis and ordinary kriging of soil variables under study revealed diverse spatial distribution exhibiting medium to high spatial dependence in the region. PCA (principal component analysis) and K-means clustering were expended for the delineation of MZs. Four principal components (PCs) having eigen values > 1 and accounting for 70% of the total variation were subjected to further analysis. The five potential MZs were demarcated on the basis of K-means cluster performance index, and heterogeneity in parameters was discerned. The results of study corroborate that the spatial variability analysis of different soil parameters for delineation/identification of MZs might be effectually employed for site-specific micronutrient management.