Abstract
Flood disasters from dam breaks cause serious loss of human life and immense damage to infrastructure and economic stability. The application of Geographic Information System technology integrated with hydrological modeling for mapping flood-inundated areas and depth can play a momentous role in further minimizing the risk and possible damage. In the present study, base terrain data, hydrological data, and dam engineering data were integrated using the MIKE-21 dam-break model to analyze flood routing under the most serious scenarios. A deterministic approach was used to calculate the hydraulic elements of dam breakage during a flood. Additionally, the hydraulic elements generated by the MIKE-21 dam-break model (a modelling system for estuaries, coastal waters, and seas)—including flood depth, submersion time, and flow direction—were integrated with a digital elevation model of the site downstream of the dam in order to map the possible affected areas. Using an empirical model in addition to using the superimposition of dam flood calculation results and the social and economic survey data, dam damage assessment was implemented. In accordance with a relevant standard, the flood risk mapping guidelines and a set of client/server structures were developed for a management system for dam-break hazard mapping of the Foziling reservoir. The simulation data and the study results can provide a scientific basis for emergency management of the reservoir and provide a socio-economic framework for downstream areas.
Highlights
The construction of reservoirs and dams may provide society with a number of advantages, such as water source security, water and sediment diversion, power generation, and irrigation
Statistics from the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research indicate that 3498 dam failure events occurred in China from 1954 to 2006 [1,2]
In order to lower the loss in downstream cities caused by dam failures, it is necessary to evaluate the probability of risk occurrences and the extent of the consequent damages
Summary
The construction of reservoirs and dams may provide society with a number of advantages, such as water source security, water and sediment diversion, power generation, and irrigation. Many scholars have attempted to combine hydrodynamic models with 3S technology (3S technology is an umbrella name given to the remote sensing, geography information systems, and global positioning systems) [22,23,24] In these studies, they have tried to apply surveying, mapping, and geographic information science-related technology and methodology to hydrological calculation models to provide hydraulic data with highly precise base terrain and socioeconomic data. The 2D evolution of flood in a given circumstance of a transient entire dam-break can be simulated using the MIKE21 hydraulic model, as well as by fusion processing multi-source and multi-scale basic geographic information data [28,29]. Ardccmordaipnsg wtoetrhee sptlaontdtaerdd,ss[3u0c]hseats water depth dbdisyetprtthihbeudMitsiitonrniibstumrtyiaoopnf mWanaapdtearmnRdaexmsiomauxruicmemsumoflfofCloohdoindsaus,ubdbammmee-rrbggrieinnagkgrharaanzgnaegrd(eFim(gFuaipgresu3wr)e.er3e).plotted, such as water
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