Management Strategy for Gallbladder Polypoid Lesions: Results of a 5-Year Single-Center Cohort Study

Abstract

Introduction: Controversy remains about the classification, differential diagnosis, and treatment strategy for gallbladder polypoid lesions (GPLs). This study sought to explore the individualized treatment strategy for GPLs. Methods: We retrospectively studied 642 consecutive patients with GPLs from January 2015 to May 2020. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to explore the potential risk factors for neoplastic polyps. The outcome of laparoscopic gallbladder-preserving polypectomy (GPP) was evaluated and compared with that of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Results: Of 642 enrolled patients, 572 underwent LC, and 70 underwent GPP. Pathologically, the majority of GPLs were cholesterol polyps (68.4%), followed by adenomyomatosis (19.9%), benign adenoma (7.3%), adenocarcinoma (3.6%), and rare pathological types (0.8%). Additionally, 66.3% (379/572) of the LC cases were classified as non-neoplastic, and 33.7% (193/572) neoplastic polyps. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that single polyps (OR 1.956, 95% CI: 1.121–3.412; p = 0.018), polyps located at the gallbladder fundus (OR 4.326, 95% CI: 2.179–8.591; p < 0.001), polyps not less than 14 mm (OR 2.833, 95% CI: 1.614–4.973; p < 0.001), and polyps with a broad base (OR 4.173, 95% CI: 1.743–9.990; p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for neoplastic polyps. The 5-year prospective results after GPP showed that the 1-year and 3-year polyp recurrence rates were 13.2% and 23.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The majority of GPLs are cholesterol or other benign lesions without malignant potential. LC is the main treatment procedure for GPLs with a high neoplastic risk. GPP is potentially feasible and could be an alternative management strategy for a group of GPLs patients who meet the selection criteria.