Management of Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Adults: What You Need to Know.

Abstract

Older adults represent the fastest growing population in the United States (US) and this portion of the population is expected to double to more than 80 million by 2050.1 Currently, older adults have more active lifestyles, therefore are at an increased risk of injury.2 Older adults currently represent 23% of trauma admissions.3 This number is projected to increase to 39% by 2050.3 In fact, over the last decade, unintentional injuries have climbed from the 9th to the 7th leading cause of death among older adults. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for over 200,000 cases annually.4 The consequences of TBI in older adults are severe with high mortality rates5 and significant cognitive and functional impairment for survivors.6-8 Many who were previously independent in their daily activities become dependent on assistance after sustaining a TBI.2 Moreover, older adults experience accelerated cognitive decline, sleep disturbances, and depression following a TBI, which can further hinder their recovery.9 The financial impact of TBI on patients, caregivers, and the health care system is substantial, with annual hospital charges exceeding 8.2 billion for the treatment of TBI in older adults.10 This review aims to highlight the specific considerations and challenges faced by older adults with TBI.