Abstract
The find for the optimal slide of water to bring to the plot during the irrigated onion crop was important in order to limit the recharge of the water table close to the soil surface. The quantities of water supplied during onion irrigation were estimated from measurements made with a metal crest to the plot positioned at the tertiary canal. The flow rates at the tertiary canal directly irrigating the plot were recorded during irrigation. From this flow rate, the quantity of water supplied to each plot was determined. From then, the performance of the irrigated system in onion cultivation should pass on the management of this water slide at the level of the hydroagricultural facilities. The integrated soil water mass, salinity and water table dynamics monitoring system was used to assess the water requirements of onion following the irrigation. The daily water requirement of onion in the holland soil of the delta was estimated to average 0.45 g/m3. These requirements were varied according to the development stage of the crop. The water level between the ridges was between 6 and 9 mm during irrigation. This was not permanent, it infiltrated between 12 and 18 hours. This type to the stingray irrigation did not favour the arrival of the water table on the surface. The only fluctuations in the water table were observed during the bulb maturation phase. During this phase, the soil water masses were important. The electrical conductivity recorded varied during the campaign. At the beginning of irrigation, it was 3.62 mS/cm on a 30 cm profile, it decreased towards the end of the irrigations to reach 2.06 mS/cm. The quantities of salt recorded on a 30 cm profile varied from one month to the next; they were 0.468 t/ha at the beginning of irrigation (January) and 0.275 t/ha at the end of the campaign (April). From these results we can say that land degradation in the Senegal river delta would be linked to the arrival of salty groundwater on the surface.
Highlights
In the delta area, market gardening is developing with a large share devoted to the cultivation of onions (Allium cepa L.), which is the most produced and consumed vegetable in Senegal [1]
The find for the optimal slide of water to bring to the plot during the irrigated onion crop was important in order to limit the recharge of the water table close to the soil surface
The frequency and irrigation rhythm in market gardening are left to the discretion of the producers, there are tools to help with decision plug making exist
Summary
Market gardening is developing with a large share devoted to the cultivation of onions (Allium cepa L.), which is the most produced and consumed vegetable in Senegal [1]. The frequency and irrigation rhythm in market gardening (irrigated onion cultivation) are left to the discretion of the producers, there are tools to help with decision plug making exist. The latter is increasingly used in agriculture for decision-making. This is how the main objective of this study is to make a daily follow-up of the water of the irrigations of the plots thanks to the sampling of the soil moisture rates in order to determine the quantities of water necessary to the plant during the cycle and to define the frequency to arrive at a better management of the plots in irrigated culture of onion
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