Management of the productivity and production process of fruit crops based on the patterns of their genetic and phenotypic changes when changing environmental limits

Abstract

The North Caucasus is the main area of commercial production of fruit. Sustainable crop growth requires knowledge about the complex impact of natural resources (climate, relief, soil) on the productivity and production process of plants. The paper shows a systematic assessment of fruit crops in a changing climate. A method has been created that includes in the study not the whole mass of system attributes, but the main “essential variables”. A special complex language has been elaborated, since modern extremum methods are incompatible with concepts such as “frost resistance”, “drought resistance”, “heat resistance” and others. These problems are solved with the help of digital modelling and GIS- technologies. Based on the assessment of the suitability conditions in the winter-spring period for fruit crops, relief and soil a layered ecological maps of rational distribution, combined into the integral (for 159 regions of Northern Caucasus) has been created. The subject for further research is the knowledge of specific backbone links between elements of the interaction of “genotype-environment” system, the characteristics of the structure of these relationships that determines the integrity of a complex object (varieties of fruit crops) and evolving in his new - emergency - properties when growing conditions change. These knowledge allow to reveal the mechanism of interaction “genotypeenvironment” and lead to control of production process of fruit crops in a changing environment. Rational distribution of varieties according to the phases of development (customisation of varieties under the conditions of the environment) taking into account the relief and soils would increase yields by 1.5-2 times without additional financial injections and provide 80% quicker flow of production process.