Abstract
Background Pediatric oral hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that can be seen from birth, particularly in females. Hemangiomas are most frequent located in the lips and usually regress spontaneously, thus they do not require any type of treatment in most cases. The present scoping review pretended to synthesize the most relevant and currently available information from the international dental literature published in the last 25 years, regarding the management of pediatric oral hemangiomas. Material and Methods An exhaustive literature search was performed in four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane). Initially, 241 related titles and abstracts were found. After the duplication removal, screening, and assessment processes, 37 records were included for full-text reading. Finally, 20 articles in the English language were included in the scoping review for data extraction and assessment. Results We identified and subsequently discussed three fundamental issues associated to the management of pediatric oral hemangiomas: (i) clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, and histopathological findings; (ii) evolution and complications; and (iii) current available treatment modalities. Conclusions Although these like-tumor lesions are uncommon, pediatric dentistry practitioners must be familiar with the inherent clinical characteristics, diagnosis approaches, and currently available treatment options. Nowadays, surgical removal and non-invasive medical/pharmacologic therapies are the best management modalities for pediatric oral hemangiomas. Key words:Vascular tumors, hemangioma, oral management, children, scoping review.
Highlights
According to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD), there has been described numerous lesions, masses, or tumor-like conditions of soft and hard tissues, belonging to the oral and maxillofacial regions of children and adolescents; the majority of these lesions are mucosal conditions [1]
This term has been employed for a wide range of mucosal/skin vascular pathologies, including “strawberry”, “port-wine”, and “salmon patch” [3,6]. This varied terminology has led to confusion among clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of these tumors [7]. It has extensively discussed if hemangiomas should be considered as neoplasms, hamartomas, or vascular malformations [4]
The vascular lesions of childhood are classified into two categories: hemangiomas and vascular malformations [8]
Summary
According to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD), there has been described numerous lesions, masses, or tumor-like conditions of soft and hard tissues, belonging to the oral and maxillofacial regions of children and adolescents; the majority of these lesions are mucosal conditions [1]. The single term hemangioma (HEM) has been used in the medical/dental literature to describe the localized benign vascular tumor of infancy/ childhood of mesenchymal origin [4,5] This term has been employed for a wide range of mucosal/skin vascular pathologies, including “strawberry”, “port-wine”, and “salmon patch” [3,6]. HEM is the most common benign tumor of the blood vessels in infants and children; 80% of these tumors are present as isolated entities [11] This lesion is found occasionally in the mouth -along with lymphangiomas account for up to 30% of oral cavity tumors in the pediatric population- [2]. Surgical removal and non-invasive medical/pharmacologic therapies are the best management modalities for pediatric oral hemangiomas
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