Abstract
Acute renal failure in the critically ill child can be a devastating and sometimes fatal event. Pediatric critical care nurses assume significant responsibility for early recognition, prevention, and treatment of children who develop acute renal failure. Knowledge of renal anatomy and physiology, developmental risk factors, nursing and medical management strategies, and renal replacement therapies is necessary for the delivery of competent care. This article explores the precipitating causes and complications of acute renal failure, prevention strategies, diagnosis and management, continuous renal replacement therapies, and the nurse's role in each. Furthermore, consideration is given to future treatments for acute renal failure.
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