Abstract
Bruchids are most pernicious pest of stored grain pulses, especially in the tropical and subtropical areas. They penetrate into the fully grown matured pods, grains in fields and also during post-harvest storage. Among bruchids, Callosobruchus maculatus is the prominent pest having ubiquitous distribution. Chemical/synthetic insecticides provides adequate control against the C. maculatus on the pulses. However, the use of synthetic insecticides induces adverse health outcomes in agricultural workers and many causes various diseases such as cancers, genomic damage, oxidative stress, neurological disorders and respiratory, metabolic and thyroid effects. Therefore, alternative effective, safe and sustainable pest control, integration of different compatible methods should be taken into considerations. One of the possible managements might be use of traditional as well modern pest management practices. Traditional techniques include sealed containers, inert materials, harvesting time, alternate host, intercropping, storing un-threshed pulses, cleanliness, vegetable oil etc. Modern techniques such as temperature, freezing and heating, radiation treatments, resistance varieties, natural control, botanical extracts, chemical and microbial, transgenic approach, cold plasma treatments etc. thus integrated pest management might be alternative approach to combat the effect of pest. Therefore, present review aims to considers various measures for the handling of bruchids with special reference to Callosobruchus maculatus and integrated molecular inventions to decrease bruchids populations and enhance pulse productivity in pulses.
Highlights
Farming is the principal source of livelihood in the entire world
We searched for article Science Direct, Elsevier and Springer for each management strategy: Cultural control, sealed containers, fine ash, intercropping, harvesting time, alternate host, effect of vegetable oil, heating and freezing effect, solar treatment, radiation treatments, different bacteria and fungus for microbial control, natural parasitoids and predators, botanical extracts, chemicals, resistance varieties of pulses and their efficacy for pest management
Integrated pest management was focused through the search of recent innovations and applicability
Summary
Farming is the principal source of livelihood in the entire world. More than 70% population of Indian populationrelies on agricultural sector. Due to advancement in technology, our country has rapidly increased the production of pulses and grain in the past few decades. After post-harvesting period causes 10% loss in crops. Damage at the time of storage accounts for approximately 6% as appropriate storage services have not been available (Prakash et al, 2016). Storage of grain facilities contributes important role to avoid damage caused by bruchid pests, disease-causing agents as well other animals. Various enemies such as rodents and insects attack the stored grains and infest them directly or indirectly. Causes significant damages and other than storage losses
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