Abstract
Pyrenophora teres is the causal agent of barley net blotch (NB), a disease that can be found in two different forms: net form (NFNB), caused by P. teres f. teres, and spot form (SFNB), caused by P. teres f. maculata. A two-year field experiment was carried out to evaluate the response to NB of six different barley cultivars for malt or feed/food production. In addition, the efficacy of several recently developed foliar fungicides with different modes of action (SDHI, DMI, and QoI) towards the disease was examined. After NB leaf symptom evaluation, the identification of P. teres forms was performed. Grain yield was determined, and pathogen biomass was quantified in the grain by qPCR. In the two experimental years characterized by different climatic conditions, only P. teres f. teres was detected. The tested cultivars showed different levels of NFNB susceptibility. In particular, the two-row cultivars for malt production showed the highest disease incidence. All applied fungicides exhibited a high efficacy in reducing disease symptoms on leaves and pathogen accumulation in grains. In fact, high levels of fungal biomass were detected only in the grain of the untreated malting barley cultivars. For some cultivars, grain yield was positively influenced by the application of fungicides.
Highlights
On the basis of these considerations, the present study aimed to explore the efficacy of an integrated control strategy towards barley net blotch
On the basis of the morphological descriptions [5], we found that these characteristics resembled those of P. teres
Carried out using PttQ4F-PttQ4R and PtmQ10FSymptoms observed barley leaves were characterized by stretched andleaves dark-brown
Summary
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important cereal crops worldwide, with a cultivated surface of 51 million hectares and a production of about 159 million tons in. Several fungal pathogens can seriously affect barley development, compromising final yield. One of the most devastating barley fungal diseases is net blotch, which may cause high yield losses and complete crop failure [2]. Net blotch is an extremely widespread disease occurring in all barley growing regions [3]. The causal agent of barley net blotch was named Helminthosporium teres (Sacc.) in 1809 and renamed as Pyrenophora teres Drechs. The causal agent of barley net blotch was named Helminthosporium teres (Sacc.) in 1809 and renamed as Pyrenophora teres Drechs. (anamorph Drechslera teres (Sacc.)
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