Management of Premature Infants Using the Kangaroo Method versus the Classic Method: Morbidity and Prognosis Associated with in Sendwe General Hospital in Lubumbashi (DR Congo)

Abstract

Introduction: This study aims to compare the benefit of two low low-birth weight newborn management methods, namely the “classic” method using incubators, and the Kangaroo method in a hospital setting; and determine the survival prognosis associated with each of these methods. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study from 2013 to 2015 at the Jason Sendwe General Hospital in Lubumbashi (DR Congo). A total of 200 cases of low birth weight infants were included, followed by one or the other of the methods evaluated. Results: The average weight at the exit was better under Kangaroo (2191.8 ± 212.1 g versus 2068.6 ± 476.5 g) as well as the average gain in weight per day (52.2 ± 9.5 g versus 31.0 ± 15.1 g). Fewer episodes of hypothermia were noted under Kangaroo, and the duration of stay was shorter (10.2 ± 2.9 days versus 13.0 ± 5.4 days). Logistic regression showed that the Kangaroo method is better for the management of premature infants (p = 0.004, ORa = 4.39 (1.60 - 12.04)). Survival is significantly higher under the Kangaroo method (p < 0.001). The median survival under Kangaroo versus classical method was 16 (EIQ: 15 - 16) and 10 (EIQ: 9 - 10) months, respectively. The incidence of Kangaroo deaths was 0.3 cases per 100 P-J versus 1.9 cases per 100 P-D (P < 0.001) using the conventional method. Conclusion: The Kangaroo method is applicable and offers guarantees of a beneficial management in the newborn with low birth weight.