Abstract
BackgroundCaesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a late serious complication of caesarean section. The incidence of CSP has increased worldwide in recent years. Early diagnosis and prompt therapy are crucial to avoid catastrophic complications. There are various strategies for CSP treatment, but there is no consensus on the best management for CSP. Dilation and curettage (D&C) and hysteroscopy are common and effective treatments with their advantages and disadvantages. No in-depth study of the clinical effects of hysteroscopic management of CSP after D&C treatment failure has been conducted. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of hysteroscopic removal of residual CSP tissue (persistent CSP) as a rescue after failed D&C management.MethodsThis is a retrospective clinical research study. Forty-five patients underwent operative hysteroscopy to remove the residual gestational tissue in the caesarean scar after failed D&C treatment. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of hysteroscopic surgeries of 45 CSP cases were investigated. All data analyses were conducted with SPSS 17.0.ResultsForty-three CSP cases after unsuccessful curettage treatment were successfully treated by operative hysteroscopy. The estimated intraoperative blood loss was 20.00 (10.00–500.00) mL, the hysteroscopic operating time was 20.00 (15.00–45.00) min, the decline of serum β-hCG the day after surgery was 71.91 ± 14.05%, the total hospitalisation time was 7.87 ± 2.26 days, the medical cost was 13,682.71 ± 3553.77 China Yuan (CNY), the time of bleeding after surgery was 7.42 ± 2.48 days, and the time of serum β-hCG resolution after surgery was 13.84 ± 9.83 days. Follow-up after discharge demonstrated that there were no severe complications for any patients.ConclusionsHysteroscopy therapy could treat persistent CSP effectively and safely after curettage treatment failure. Therapy should be individualised, and the risks and cost of the hysteroscopy procedure and anaesthesia must be considered and fully discussed with the patients before surgery.
Highlights
Caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a late serious complication of caesarean section
Forty-five (3.34%) CSP patients underwent operative hysteroscopy after the initial treatment of Dilation and curettage (D&C) (41 patients underwent D&C regimen only, and 4 patients underwent D&C combined with preventive uterine artery embolisation (UAE)) during the study period
With the diagnosis of persistent CSP, they were treated with operative hysteroscopy only (10/45) or in combination with UAE (35/45)
Summary
The incidence of CSP has increased worldwide in recent years. There are various strategies for CSP treatment, but there is no consensus on the best management for CSP. No in-depth study of the clinical effects of hysteroscopic management of CSP after D&C treatment failure has been conducted. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of hysteroscopic removal of residual CSP tissue (persistent CSP) as a rescue after failed D&C management. A caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a late serious complication of caesarean section (CS). The incidence of CSP is one in 1800–2216 pregnancies [2]. There has been a rapid increase in the incidence of CSP worldwide, especially in
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