Management of pacemaker patients after myocardial infarction

Abstract

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death and disability in the population. Effective restoration of coronary blood flow in the infarction-dependent artery during percutaneous coronary intervention contributes to the regression of structural and functional remodeling of the left ventricle. Meanwhile, in 18% of cases, patients with myocardial infarction require implantation of a pacemaker because of the cardiac conduction disorders, among which atrioventricular blockade is the leading one. The need for pacemaker implantation is determined by the clinical features and the type of bradycardia complicating myocardial infarction. The scope of preventive measures at the stage of outpatient specialized cardiac care for patients with myocardial infarction and pacemaker includes medical, physical, and psychological rehabilitation. In addition, the presence of an implantable pacemaker necessitates specialized dynamic monitoring by an arrhythmologist, including programming the pacemaker. Performing a magnetic test allows to assess the efficiency of the pacemaker, the level of its charge and promptly determine the need to its replacement. Determination of the pacing threshold ensures efficient operation of the implantable device. After discharge from the hospital, a schedule for checking the pacemaker is determined, namely, 3 months after the date of implantation of the pacemaker, then 1-2 times a year. In the event of complaints of dizziness, fainting or damage of the pacemaker implantation site, the pacemaker check is carried out unscheduled. Patients with a history of myocardial infarction and an implantable pacemaker should be informed about the limitations that may be associated with the presence of a pacemaker. It is recommended to exclude contact with possible sources of electrical interference as much as possible, to avoid medical physiotherapy using galvanic currents. When using industrial or household equipment, safety precautions must be followed.