Abstract
Pine tussock moth (Dasychira axutha Collenette (Lymantriidae)) and masson pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus punctatus Walker (Lasiocampidae)) cause serious damage to Pinus massoniana and P. merkusii plantations in Vietnam. An integrated pest management (IPM) program is required to control these pests. Therefore, this study was undertaken to identify damage thresholds and to evaluate control options for implementing IPM in the Northeast and North Central regions of Vietnam. Three damage thresholds were considered: <25%, 25%–50% and >50% loss of leaf area. Control options were manual collection of eggs and pupae and the use of light traps and biological agents. An initial IPM model was developed for each pest and these gave control efficacies of 82.4% (Da. axutha on P. massoniana) and 77.8% (De. punctatus on P. merkusii). Six extended IPM models were undertaken by forest companies giving pest control efficacies of 79.2%–85.9%. The collection of pine resin provides an important source of income to local communities and the resin yield in the IPM models increased by 20.9%–22.7% compared to untreated control plots. The IPM protocols would help in developing policies that promote a more sustainable management of forest pests in Vietnam, thus reducing dependence on the use of insecticides of environmental and public health concerns.
Highlights
Pinus is the largest genus in the Pinaceae family, with 111 species, mainly naturally distributed in temperate parts of the northern hemisphere [1,2]
Two species of Lepidoptera, Dasychira axutha Collenette (Lymantriidae) [11,12] and Dendrolimus punctatus Walker (Lasiocampidae) [13,14], are serious pests of pine plantations in Vietnam and cyclic large-scale outbreaks occur in the dry season every two or three years [15,16,17]
The findings provide the scientific basis for establishing integrated pest management (IPM) models, thereby contributing to more effective management of Da. axutha and De. punctatus
Summary
Pinus is the largest genus in the Pinaceae family, with 111 species, mainly naturally distributed in temperate parts of the northern hemisphere [1,2]. A small number of species occurs in tropical and sub-tropical climate zones, including P. massoniana, native to Taiwan, a wide area of central and southern China and northern Vietnam [2,3], and P. merkusii, which has a disjunct distribution in Southeast Asia, including northern Sumatra and the Philippines [2,4,5]. Both species have been used for large-scale afforestation [3,4,6,7]. Da. axutha has damaged P. massoniana plantations in the Northeast and De. punctatus has damaged P. merkusii plantations in North Central
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