Abstract
Synopsis The certification of commercial forestry according to the Forest Stewardship Council specifications has successfully occurred in many South Mrican plantations and this trend is set to increase in the future. Various principles and criteria govern the management of insect pests in certified forests, which differ from traditional control measures. Regulations on the use of insecticides, biocontrol agents, monitoring, assessment and management of insect pests have become more specific. World Health Organisation type 1a and 1b, chlorinated hydrocarbons and persistent, toxic and bioaccumulative insecticides are prohibited. Only Bacillus thuringiensis is acceptable from the about twelve insecticides used in forestry. The use of biological control agents need to be documented, minimised and monitored. Flora and fauna in general and insect pest species must be regularly monitored and the results incorporated into an ongoing management plan. A summary of monitoring indicators should be made available to t...
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