Management of Homes, Estates, and Trade in Europe Until the Middle Ages

Abstract

AbstractGreek philosophers, political minds in ancient Rome, and theologians in the Middle Ages developed management ideas primarily to run agricultural estates, homes, or monasteries. Charging interest and pricing continued to be discussed on the basis of natural law and ethical reasoning. Double-entry bookkeeping was described and thus made public. No longer it was a trade secret. Philosophers observing international business relations became open to understanding the functioning of markets with consequences for pricing.