Abstract
Hemangiomas are the most common tumors of infancy. Traditionally, this term has been applied to benign tumors of vascular tissues and vascular malformations. Hemangiomas are classified as capillary, cavernous, and mixed lesions. The incidence in newborns is 1–3%, and this increases to 10% by the age of 1 year. In the biologic classification proposed by Mulliken and Glowacki in 1982, hemangiomas are defined as vascular tumors that enlarge by rapid cellular proliferation. Angiogenic factors such as heparin play an important role in the growth and involution of hemangiomas. These factors bring forth rapid endothelial growth by direct action on the endothelium and indirectly through cells such as macrophages and mast cells. In contrast to hemangiomas, vascular malformations are hamartomatous lesions composed of dysplastic vessels lined by non-proliferating endothelium. They almost never regress and may expand in size.
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