Abstract
Background: Opioid use during pregnancy is a growing concern in the United States. Buprenorphine has been recommended by "The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology" as an alternative to methadone to decrease risks associated with the use of illicit opioids during pregnancy. The partial μ-opioid agonists' unique pharmacology, including its long half time and high affinity to the μ-opioid receptor, complicates patient management in a highly kinetic, and often urgent field like obstetric anesthesia. We reviewed our management and outcomes in this medically complex population. Methods: An Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved retrospective chart review was conducted of women admitted to the University of Washington Medical Center Labor and Delivery unit from July 2012 to November 2013 using buprenorphine. All deliveries, including intrauterine fetal demise, were included. Results: Eight women were admitted during this period to our L&D floor on buprenorphine. All required peri-partum anesthetic management either for labor and/or cesarean delivery management. Analgesic management included dilaudid or fentanyl PCA and/or continued epidural infusion, and in one instance ketamine infusion, while the pre-admission buprenorphine regimen was continued. Five babies were viable, two women experienced intrauterine fetal death at 22 and 36 weeks gestational age (GSA), respectively, and one neonate died shortly after delivery due to a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Conclusions: This case series illuminates the medical complexity of parturients using buprenorphine. Different treatment modalities in the absence of evidence-based guidelines included additional opioid administration and continued epidural analgesia. The management of post-cesarean pain in patients on partial μ-opioid agonists remains complex and variable, and evidence-based guidelines could be useful for clinicians to direct care.
Highlights
Opioid use during pregnancy is a growing concern in the United States
Namely continued utilization of epidural catheters placed for labor and/or the cesarean delivery was the most common post-operative analgesic method used or offered to patients
While lumbar epidural analgesia provides effective analgesia[8,9,10], the associated motor block hinders post-cesarean mobilization, often necessitating that epidural infusions be stopped on POD 2, in comparison to other surgical populations where epidural analgesia can be used longer[11]
Summary
Opioid use during pregnancy is a growing concern in the United States. In a review of over 500,000 women, 76,742(15%) received at least one dose of an opioid during pregnancy and of these, 11,747 were dispensed opioids three or more times during pregnancy[1]. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) released their opinion regarding opioid abuse, dependence, and addiction in pregnancy. They recommended buprenorphine as an alternative to methadone to decrease risks associated with the use of illicit opioids during pregnancy[3]. Buprenorphine has been recommended by “The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology” as an alternative to methadone to decrease risks associated with the use of illicit opioids during pregnancy. The management of post-cesarean pain in patients on partial μ-opioid agonists remains complex and variable, and evidence-based guidelines could be useful for clinicians to direct care
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