Abstract
Recent advances in the treatment of pediatric cancers have resulted in increasing numbers of children surviving their malignancy. Current survival rates are approaching 75%, and it had been estimated that by 2010, 1 in 715 young adults would be a long-term survivor of childhood cancer. Therapeutic options consist of a combination of multi-agent chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and bone marrow or stem cell transplantation. Unfortunately, decreasing mortality from malignancy comes at the cost of increased morbidity resulting in acute and late effects of treatment. Endocrine disorders affect up to 50% of childhood cancer survivors following chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This chapter describes the acute and late endocrine effects of treatment for childhood cancer by endocrine system and chronology of onset, with a discussion of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment for each system involved.KeywordsCancerCraniospinal irradiationChemotherapyGrowth hormone deficiencyHypogonadismPrecocious pubertyHypothyroidismAdrenal insufficiencyDiabetes insipidusSIADHCerebral salt wastingBoneObesityMetabolic syndromeDiabetes mellitus
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