Abstract
Chronic sun exposure causes the development and progression of AKs. This is due to the cumulative ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun which causes neoplastic effects in keratinocytes. Ultraviolet radiation exists in three wavelengths: UVA at 315-400 nm, UVB at 280-315 nm, and UVC at 100-280 nm. Generally, only UVA and UVB make it through the ozone layer. The long wavelength of UVA allows it to penetrate the skin as deep as the basal layer. This causes melanocytes within the basal layer to react and produce more melanin, indicative of skin damage .
Highlights
Actinic keratoses (AKs) are premalignant lesions which affect people who have had chronic exposure to sun
Most AKs do not undergo malignant transformation, most invasive squamous cell carcinomas develop from pre-existing AKs [3]
Adequate and timely treatment of AKs is crucial in preventing the development of invasive skin cancer
Summary
Actinic keratoses (AKs) are premalignant lesions which affect people who have had chronic exposure to sun. *Corresponding author: Lauren Schwartzberg, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, 185-03 80th Rd, Jamaica, NY 11432, USA Treatment options range from targeted in office procedures such as cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen to topical therapies that are applied by the patient.
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