Management Implications for the Most Attractive Scenic Sites along the Andalusia Coast (SW Spain)

Alexis Mooser,Giorgio Anfuso,Carlos Mestanza,Allan Williams

doi:10.3390/su10051328

Abstract

A coastal scenery assessment was carried out at 50 sites along the 910 km long Andalusia coast (SW Spain) using a checklist of 26 natural and human parameters, parameter weighting matrices, and fuzzy logic. A scenic classification was utilised that can rate sites as Class I (natural areas of great scenic beauty) to Class V (urbanised areas of poor scenic interest), but, for this study, only natural sites of great scenic value were investigated; 41 sites were included in Class I, 9 in Class II and, apart from four, all of the sites were under some feature of protection—managed by the Andalusia Environmental Agency (RENPA, in Spanish). Sites belong to the Natural Park Cabo de Gata-Nijar (24% of sites), the Natural Park of Gibraltar Strait (18%), the Natural Place Acantilado de Maro-Cerro Gordo (12%), and the Natural and National parks of Doñana (8%). Results obtained by means of scenic evaluation constitute a sound scientific basis for any envisaged management plan for investigated coastal areas preservation/conservation and responsible future developments, especially for natural protected areas, which represent the most attractive coastal tourist destinations. With respect to natural parameters, excellent scenic values appeared to be linked to the geological setting and the presence of mountainous landscapes related to the Betic Chain. Human parameters usually show good scores because null or extremely reduced human impacts are recorded, but, at places, conflicts arose between conservation and recreational activities because visitors are often interested in beach activities more so than ecotourism. Low scores of human parameters were often related to litter presence or the unsuitable emplacement of utilities, such as informative panels, litter bins, etc.

Highlights

Since the term tourism first appeared in the Oxford English Dictionary in 1811, the literature on tourism has become vast and many theories and models have been initiated, an early one being ‘Irridex’ [1]
The question ‘what do they perceive as being the essential parameters that make up a beautiful coastal scene’ and the converse, ‘coastal ugliness’, was asked to >1000 beach users chosen from random number tables in Malta, Turkey, and the UK, which gave rise to a large data base with a standard error of 0.03
The 910 km long coast of Andalusia (SW Spain) constitutes a popular destination for many national and international visitors that are attracted by beach-related activities in urban sites and the great scenic beauty of rural and remote sites

Summary

Introduction

Since the term tourism first appeared in the Oxford English Dictionary in 1811, the literature on tourism has become vast and many theories and models have been initiated, an early one being ‘Irridex’ [1]. Tourist destination resorts are essentially products that have normally been developed or been modified to meet the specific market needs of holidaymakers and have a classic ‘Tourist Area Life Cycle’ (TALC) [2], in which this classic model’s capacity elements cover six evolutionary stages. This hypothetical model is still in use for resort areas [3,4].

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion