Management and Survival of Pineoblastoma: An Analysis of 34 Adults From the Brain Tumor Registry of Japan

Abstract

Pineoblastoma is a rare tumor in adults, and factors influencing survival are poorly understood. Data from the Brain Tumor Registry of Japan (BTRJ) was analyzed to examine patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics associated with increased survival in adults with pineoblastomas. All pineoblastoma cases in adults aged 16 years or older were identified in the BTRJ. Data were extracted on demographics, presentation, tumor characteristics, treatments, and outcomes. Kaplan-Meier plots, the log rank method, and p value <0.15 was used to screen variables for inclusion in a multivariate Cox regression estimating survival. In the final Cox multivariate model, all variables with p values <0.05 were considered significant predictors of survival, and all variables with p values 0.05-0.099 were considered trends. The BTRJ contained 34 adults with pineoblastomas diagnosed from 1969-1998. The patients were predominantly male (22 patients), with a median age of 35 years (range 16-66 years). Median survival from diagnosis was 25.7 months, with a median follow up of 20.5 months. Median surgical resection was 75-94%, and five of the 34 patients had gross total resection. Twenty-nine of the 34 patients received cranial irradiation therapy with a median dose of 50 Gy (range 30-70 Gy). In the final multivariate model, cranial irradiation > or =40 Gy (p=0.014) and gross total resection (p=0.034) were associated with improved survival. There was a trend towards improved survival for women (p=0.099). Adult pineoblastoma patients have poor survival prognosis. Cranial irradiation therapy using at least 40 Gy and complete surgical resection are associated with improved survival.