Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are of increasing concern for society and national governments, as well as globally due to their high mortality rate. The main risk factors of NCDs can be classified into the categories of self-management, genetic factors, environmental factors, factors of medical conditions, and socio-demographic factors. The main focus is on the elements of self-management and to reach a consensus about the influence of food on risk management and actions toward the prevention of NCDs at all stages of life. Nutrition interventions are essential in managing the risk of NCDs. As they are of the utmost importance, this review highlights NCDs and their risk factors and outlines several common prevention strategies. We foresee that the best prevention management strategy will include individual (lifestyle management), societal (awareness management), national (health policy decisions), and global (health strategy) elements, with target actions, such as multi-sectoral partnership, knowledge and information management, and innovations. The most effective preventative strategy is the one that leads to changes in lifestyle with respect to diet, physical activities, cessation of smoking, and the control of metabolic disorders.
Highlights
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), known as chronic diseases, are medical conditions that are associated with long durations and slow progress (Figure 1)
The main risk factors contributing to NCDs involve unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and alcohol misuse
The epidemic of NCDs hinders the progress of Gross National Happiness (GNH) because good health is necessary in order to achieve happiness [5]
Summary
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), known as chronic diseases, are medical conditions that are associated with long durations and slow progress (Figure 1). The main risk factors contributing to NCDs involve unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and alcohol misuse. Most of these diseases are preventable as they eventually progress in early life due to lifestyle aspects [3]. Lifestyle modifications and interventions to reduce the risk of NCDs is the priority in the primary prevention of diseases.
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