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Abstract
An extreme marine heat wave which affected 2000 km of the midwest coast of Australia occurred in the 2010/11 austral summer, with sea‐surface temperature (SST) anomalies of 2–5°C above normal climatology. The heat wave was influenced by a strong Leeuwin Current during an extreme La Niña event at a global warming hot spot in the Indian Ocean. This event had a significant effect on the marine ecosystem with changes to seagrass/algae and coral habitats, as well as fish kills and southern extension of the range of some tropical species. The effect has been exacerbated by above‐average SST in the following two summers, 2011/12 and 2012/13. This study examined the major impact the event had on invertebrate fisheries and the management adaption applied. A 99% mortality of Roei abalone (Haliotis roei) and major reductions in recruitment of scallops (Amusium balloti), king (Penaeus latisulcatus) and tiger (P. esculentus) prawns, and blue swimmer crabs were detected with management adapting with effort reductions or spatial/temporal closures to protect the spawning stock and restocking being evaluated. This study illustrates that fisheries management under extreme temperature events requires an early identification of temperature hot spots, early detection of abundance changes (preferably using pre‐recruit surveys), and flexible harvest strategies which allow a quick response to minimize the effect of heavy fishing on poor recruitment to enable protection of the spawning stock. This has required researchers, managers, and industry to adapt to fish stocks affected by an extreme environmental event that may become more frequent due to climate change.
Highlights
A marine heat wave event is defined as a prolonged discrete anomalously warm water event that can be described by its duration, intensity, rate of evolution, and spatial extent (Pearce and Feng 2013; Hobday et al 2016)
Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
The 2010/11 heat wave developed off northwest Australia in November and moved toward the coast and extended south, reaching peak intensity along the midwest coast in February 2011 (Pearce and Feng 2013)
Summary
A marine heat wave event is defined as a prolonged discrete anomalously warm water event that can be described by its duration, intensity, rate of evolution, and spatial extent (Pearce and Feng 2013; Hobday et al 2016). The heat wave was influenced by a strong Leeuwin Current during an extreme La Nin~a event and an anomalously high heat flux (Feng et al 2013; Pearce and Feng 2013). Feng et al (2013) described the heat wave as a unique Ningaloo Nin~o event as a result of an alignment of intraseasonal to a 2016 The Authors.
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