Management Accounting And Risk Management Practices In Financial Institutions

Abstract

Tujuan kertas kerja ini adalah untuk melaporkan hasil kajian terhadap amalan perakaunan pengurusan dan amalan pengurusan risiko di institusi kewangan. Data dikutip menggunakan borang soal selidik yang dihantar kepada 106 institusi kewangan yang tersenarai di dalam website Bank Negara Malaysia, di mana Ketua Pegawai Kewangan atau pegawai terkanan di jabatan kewangan institusi–institusi tersebut dilantik sebagai responden kajian. Analisis amalan perakaunan pengurusan berdasarkan kerangka IFAC (1998) menunjukkan bahawa amalan yang lazim diguna pakai adalah amalan di peringkat pertama, diikuti dengan amalan selepas era 1995. Dapatan ini menunjukkan bahawa amalan perakaunan pengurusan tradisional masih diguna pakai secara meluas oleh institutsi-institusi kewangan di Malaysia walapun amalan–amalan kontemporari (peringkat ke 4 dan ke atas) telah diperkenalkan. Bagi amalan pengurusan risiko, kebanyakan institusi telah melaksanakan kerangka Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) secara menyeluruh atau sebahagian. Amalan perakaunan pengurusan berkaitan penyata kewangan dan analisis nisbah dianggap sebagai memberikan sumbangan utama kepada pengurusan risiko. Kawalan belanjawan, belanjawan dan pengurusan strategik juga dianggap penting dalam pengurusan risiko operasi. Kata kunci: Perakaunan pengurusan; pengurusan risiko; institusi kewangan The aim of this paper is to report the results of a study on management accounting and risk management practices in financial institutions. The research method involved administering a questionnaire to 106 financial institutions listed on the Malaysian Central Bank’s website and the respondents were the chief financial officers (CFO) or the most senior positions in the finance department of the institutions. Based on the IFAC’s (1998) framework, it was found that the most widely practiced were the management accounting practices at Stage 1, followed by practices of Post 1995. This finding shows that despite the emergence of contemporary management accounting practices (Stage 4 onwards), traditional management accounting that focuses on financial performance and budgetary control is still widely practiced by financial institutions in Malaysia. As for the risk management practices, most of the firms have either implemented a complete or partial Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) framework. The findings from the survey showed that management accounting practices related to financial statement and ratio analysis were perceived to contribute most towards risk management. Budgetary control, budgeting and strategic planning were also perceived to be important in managing operational risks. Key words: Management accounting; risk management; financial institutions