Manage Storm Water by Using Porous Pavement

Abstract

As cities grow, the amount of impermeable surfaces—those that do not allow water to infiltrate into the ground—increases Examples of impervious surfaces are asphalt roads, concrete sidewalks, parking lots, building roofs, and areas of highly compacted soils such as in subdivisions. If not properly managed, the storm water runoff produced by these impermeable surfaces can have negative effects on nearby surface waters. When waters from storm events do not infiltrate the soil, the storm water management system, consisting of storm water structures and pipes, quickly directs them to streams, rivers, and lakes. Such increases in storm water runoff can have detrimental effects on nearby lands and receiving streams resulting in flooding, increased peak flows, groundwater or stream base flow reductions, increased stream velocities and stream bank erosion, increased water temperatures, and reduced water quality. Storm water must be managed in such a way as to prevent or minimize these negative impacts from urban growth. One method of storm water management is to reduce runoff by increasing infiltration through the use of permeable or pervious pavement. Permeable pavement allows storm water to percolate through the pavement and infiltrate the underlying soils thereby reducing runoff from a site, unlike standard pavement which prohibits infiltration. In previous concrete, carefully controlled amounts of water and cementations materials are used to create a paste that forms a thick coating around aggregate particles. Permeable pavement looks similar to standard asphalt or concrete except void spaces are created by omitting fine materials. Compacted gravel is not considered permeable pavement. Permeable paving surfaces keep the pollutants in place in the soil or other material underlying the roadway, and allow water seepage to groundwater recharge while preventing the stream erosion problems. However, some properties of most permeable pavements limit their applicability. Permeable pavements are not generally used in applications where high traffic loads, in terms of volume and weight, and/or high rates of speed are encountered. Their use should be limited to pedestrian and light to medium vehicle traffic. Greenways, sidewalks, driveways. Key Word: Construction, Types, Advantages, Disadvantages, Maintenances I. Introduction: Pervious pavement is made of either pervious asphalt or pervious concrete. Both materials resemble conventional asphalt and concrete, but have more air spaces that allow water to pass through the pavement into a reservoir base of crushed aggregate, then infiltrate into the ground. Pervious pavement is designed to accept precipitation only and is typically thicker than traditional concrete to support the same loads. Pervious asphalt consists of coarse stone aggregate and asphalt binder, with very little fine aggregate. Water percolates through the small voids left in the finished asphalt. A thick layer of gravel underneath allows water to drain through quickly. Pervious asphalt looks similar to conventional asphalt, although with rougher surface. Pervious concrete consists of specially formulated mixtures of Portland cement open-graded coarse aggregate, and water. It has enough void space to allow rapid percolation of water and resembles exposed aggregate concrete. Pervious concrete pavement is a unique and effective means to address important environmental issues and support green, sustainable growth. By capturing storm water and allowing it to seep into the ground, porous concrete is instrumental in recharging groundwater, reducing storm water runoff, and meeting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) storm water regulations.