Abstract
ABSTRACTMana, māna, and mānā are words that potentially refer to the forces, relationships, metaphors, and embodied kaona held within the ontological and epistemological nets of Kanaka ʻŌiwi. Specifically, I examine these terms through Hawaiian language (ʻōSpec Hawaiʻi) archival resources overlooked since the 1800s and Native Hawaiian (Kanaka Maoli) scholarship. Since so much of what is ‘known’ about ‘Native Hawaiians’ has been framed by Euro-North American ontology, epistemology, and the English language, I speak to the limits of this approach. This preliminary work suggests that mana is held within nets of relationships and places and are connected to each other by a pattern not immediately obvious from simple definitions. This suggests a need to pay closer attention to ʻōonne Hawaiʻi sources and Kanaka Maoli scholarship, as well as modifying research protocols.
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