Mammalian Orthoreovirus (MRV) Is Widespread in Wild Ungulates of Northern Italy.

Sara Arnaboldi,Barbara Bertasi,Davide Lelli,Alessandro Bianchi,Antonio Lavazza,Virginia Filipello,Silvia Bonardi,Enrico Pavoni,Tiziana Trogu,Francesco Righi

doi:10.3390/v13020238

Abstract

Mammalian orthoreoviruses (MRVs) are emerging infectious agents that may affect wild animals. MRVs are usually associated with asymptomatic or mild respiratory and enteric infections. However, severe clinical manifestations have been occasionally reported in human and animal hosts. An insight into their circulation is essential to minimize the risk of diffusion to farmed animals and possibly to humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of likely zoonotic MRVs in wild ungulates. Liver samples were collected from wild boar, red deer, roe deer, and chamois. Samples originated from two areas (Sondrio and Parma provinces) in Northern Italy with different environmental characteristics. MRV detection was carried out by PCR; confirmation by sequencing and typing for MRV type 3, which has been frequently associated with disease in pigs, were carried out for positive samples. MRV prevalence was as high as 45.3% in wild boars and 40.6% in red deer in the Sondrio area, with lower prevalence in the Parma area (15.4% in wild boars). Our findings shed light on MRV occurrence and distribution in some wild species and posed the issue of their possible role as reservoir.

Highlights

IntroductionReoviruses belong to the Reoviridae family (the term “reo” is an acronym for “respiratory enteric orphan” viruses) [1], which comprises viruses infecting humans, animals, plants, and insects [2]
Reoviruses belong to the Reoviridae family [1], which comprises viruses infecting humans, animals, plants, and insects [2]
Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) was the first Orthoreovirus species isolated from humans in 1950, and it has been the major model system for molecular understanding of the Reoviridae family [6,7,8]

Summary

Introduction

Reoviruses belong to the Reoviridae family (the term “reo” is an acronym for “respiratory enteric orphan” viruses) [1], which comprises viruses infecting humans, animals, plants, and insects [2]. Reoviruses, which preferentially infect mammals, birds, and reptiles, are grouped in the genus Orthoreovirus [3]. These non-enveloped viruses of 60–100 nm in diameter have several common traits, including a double-layer icosahedral capsid and a genome composed of 10 fragments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) coding for 12–13 proteins. Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) was the first Orthoreovirus species isolated from humans in 1950, and it has been the major model system for molecular understanding of the Reoviridae family [6,7,8]. Each serotype is represented by a prototype strain isolated from a human host, are designated as type 1 Lang, type 2 Jones, and type 3 Dearing (T1L, T2J, and T3D, respectively)

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