Abstract
BackgroundEarly microbial colonization is a relevant aspect in human health. Altered microbial colonization patterns have been linked to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Advances in understanding host-microbe interactions highlight the pivotal role of maternal microbiota on infant health programming. This birth cohort is aimed to characterize the maternal microbes transferred to neonates during the first 1000 days of life, as well as to identify the potential host and environmental factors, such as gestational age, mode of delivery, maternal/infant diet, and exposure to antibiotics, which affect early microbial colonization.MethodsMAMI is a prospective mother-infant birth cohort in the Spanish-Mediterranean area. Mothers were enrolled at the end of pregnancy and families were follow-up during the first years of life. Maternal-infant biological samples were collected at several time points from birth to 24 months of life. Clinical and anthropometric characteristics and dietary information is available. Specific qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing as well as short chain fatty acid (SCFAs) profile would be obtained. Multivariable models will be used to identy associations between microbiota and clinical and anthropometric data controlling for confounders.MAMI would contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between diet, microbiota and host response in early life health programming, enabling new applications in the field of personalized nutrition and medicine.Trial registrationThe study is registered on the ClinicalTrial.gov platform NCT03552939. (June 12, 2018).
Highlights
Microbial colonization is a relevant aspect in human health
Limited data is available on the impact of perinatal factors, such as gestational age, antibiotics exposure, diet, specific nutritional compounds, and lifestyle on maternal microbiota
Human breast milk (HM) is considered the key postnatal link between mother and infant, and it is recognised as the gold standard for infant nutrition, as recommend by World Health Organization (WHO)
Summary
Altered microbial colonization patterns have been linked to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Advances in understanding host-microbe interactions highlight the pivotal role of maternal microbiota on infant health programming. This birth cohort is aimed to characterize the maternal microbes transferred to neonates during the first 1000 days of life, as well as to identify the potential host and environmental factors, such as gestational age, mode of delivery, maternal/infant diet, and exposure to antibiotics, which affect early microbial colonization. There is increasing evidence revealing the key role of early microbial development in human health [2]. HM “constantly” change in composition according to the neonatal requirements [8, 9], HM contains nutrients and other bioactive components as well as several immune-related substances together with microbes and oligossacharides (HMO) that directly influence the neonatal microbiota and immune system development [10,11,12,13,14]
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