Abstract

This paper presents an empirical study of population growth and environmental change using cross-section district-level data from South, Central and West India. Environmental change is measured using a satellite-based greenness index. Unlike prior work, the analysis treats population and environmental change as jointly determined, distinguishes between rural and urban populations, and distinguishes between two components of population growth, natural growth and migration. Among key findings are that environmental decline spurs increased rural natural growth and increased net rural in-migration, which in turn prompt further environmental decline; environmental improvement spurs increased urban natural growth and increased net urban in-migration; and environmental scarcity spurs environmental improvement.

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