Abstract
Objective: Increasing cavity reduction has been directing the policies for oral health defined by care programs, to solve important challenges such as dental malocclusion. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malocclusion using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and relate it with the facial type, using anthropometry, and muscle function, through the use of electromyography in young students. Methods: The sample consisted of 324 schoolchildren, aged 7-12 years, residing and domiciled in Sao Francisco do Conde, Bahia. The occlusion was assessed by means of DAI, according to the methodology proposed by the World Health Organization. Facial pattern was analyzed using the Natural Head Position by the distances between the morphological facial height and bizygomatic width using a digital caliper. Yet muscle evaluation was taken from the acquisition of EMG – electromyography recordings. Results: Differences were found statistically significant between the severity of occlusion and the type facial (p=0.039), dolicocephalic type being the most prevalent, whereas the comparison with the electrical potential of the muscles showed no statistically significant differences. According to the classification and criteria of FDI, 22.8% of patients had normal occlusion or mild occlusal change, 21% defined malocclusion, 20.1% severe malocclusion and 36.1%, very severe or deforming malocclusion. Conclusion: the sample revealed a high percentage of malocclusions of varying degrees, reaching about 80% of young people who need orthodontic treatment, which reinforces attention to this pathology by institutional programs of oral health.
Highlights
With the significant reduction of dental cavities in children and adolescents in last decades, more attention has been directed to other oral problems such as occlusopathies [1]
Malocclusions represent normality deviations of the dental arches, the facial skeleton or both, with reflexes both varied in the different functions of the stomatognathic system and in appearance and self-esteem of patients affected [2]
As there are few studies that use indicators establishing parameters of severity in malocclusion, in view of its impact on the patients’ quality of life, this study is intended to evaluate through the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) the need for orthodontic treatment in schoolchildren 7-12 years of age in the Municipality of São Francisco do Conde, Bahia, by associating facial and muscle assessments through the use of electromyography, aiming to evaluate earlier, possible interference that may impair the functions of the stomatognathic system
Summary
With the significant reduction of dental cavities in children and adolescents in last decades, more attention has been directed to other oral problems such as occlusopathies [1]. Dental occlusion is considered morphological integral part of a larger system, called stomatognathic system, composed of bone, teeth, muscles, nerves and vessels, creating a set of oral structures that perform common functions. Malocclusions represent normality deviations of the dental arches, the facial skeleton or both, with reflexes both varied in the different functions of the stomatognathic system and in appearance and self-esteem of patients affected [2]. As there are few studies that use indicators establishing parameters of severity in malocclusion, in view of its impact on the patients’ quality of life, this study is intended to evaluate through the DAI the need for orthodontic treatment in schoolchildren 7-12 years of age in the Municipality of São Francisco do Conde, Bahia, by associating facial and muscle assessments through the use of electromyography, aiming to evaluate earlier, possible interference that may impair the functions of the stomatognathic system
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